Martin Luther ni muntu ki?tumumenye!

Michael Luther King,waje guhinduka Martin Luther King yavutse ku itariki 15 Mutarama1929 ahitwa Atlanta, ho muri leta ya Georgia apfa arashwe ku ya kane Mata 1968 . Se na Sekuru bakaba bari ababwiriza mu idini ya’ababatisita bakaba ndetse bari intwaramuheto mu rugaga rwabaharaniraga uburenganzira bwa muntu aho nawe yaje gufata umurongo umwe nab o akabasha guharanira uburenganzira bw’abirabura muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.

King uyu yarangije amashuri ye makuru mu w’1948 muri College ya Morehouse.Nyuma yo kubona impamyabumenyi mu by’amategeko n’ubuvuzi,yaje kwinjira muri minisiteri . gusa mu gihe yiganga mu ishuri ryigisha theologia ho muri Georgia, King yaje kumva ibyigisho bya Mahatma Gandhi n’uburyo yakoresheje mu kwibohora ku bukoroni bw’abongereza mu buhindi.
Read more
Mu mezi yakurikiyeho yaje gusoma ibitabo ku bitekerezo bya Gandhi yaje kumva bimucengeye aniyemeza ko ubwo buryo bwakoreshwa ku birabura bo muri America mu guharanira uburenganzira bwa bo. Amagambo ya Gandhi yamucengeye cyane ni agira ati “mu mubabaro wacu ni ho bazabonera akarengane badukorera”.Si ibi gusa kuko ngo yanafashwaga na none n’amahame y’uwitwa Henry David Thoreau yo gukoresha guhangana mu mahoro(non violent resistance) mu guharanira ihinduka mu mibereho.

Nyuma yo gushakana na Coretta Scott, King yaje kuba umupasitoro w’itorero rimwe ryo mu idini y;ababatisita muri Montgomery,ho muri leta ya Alabama. Aha rero kimwe n’ahandi mu mijyi yo mu majyepfo,harangwaga ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu.

Tariki ya mbere ukuboza 1955 nibwo umukecuru umwe w’umudozi wo mu kigero cy’izabukuru Rosa Parks, wari wararembye kubera imirimo ivunanye yaje kwanga guhagurukira umuzungu arafatwa.Ibyo bituma King na bagenzi be bateguta imyigaragambyo yamagana ivangura dore ko ngo abirabura muri iyi Leta batari bemerewe gutega Bus zitwara abagenzi mu gihe hari abandi bagenzi b’abazungu bakiri hanze.Ibi byatumye King afatwa ndetse n’inzu ye iratwikwa,abafatanije nawe muri iyi myigaragambyo,bamwe barahohotewe bikomeye,banaterwa ubwoba gusa ngo ntibyabujije imyogaragambyo gukomeza.

Mu mezi 15 yose abirabura ibihumbi17000 muri aka gace ka Montgomery bajyaga ku kazi n’amaguru cyangwa bagatwarwa na bene wabo babaga bafite utumodoka duto. Kubera igabanuka ry’amafaranga,urukiko rw’ikirenga rwahoraga rusaba ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu kwemera gutwara abirabura. Izi mvururu rero zikaba zararangiye tariki ya 20 ukuboza,1956

Harris Wofford wari umwe mu bakunze urugaga ruharanira uburenganzira bw’abacivile muri 1950 yaje kuba incuti n’umujyanama wa Martin Luther King. muri 1957 yaje kugerageza gushaka uburyo King yasura ubuhindi maze ajyayo

Coretta King,umufasha waking yavuze ko nyuma y’urur rugendo,umugabo we yize bidasubirwaho gukoresha amahame ya Gandhi muri Amerika. Mu ri 1957 yaje gufatanya n’abapasitoro babiri ari bo Ralph David Abernathy na Bayard Rustin kugira ngo bakore uruganga rw’abakiristo bo mu majyepfo,the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Aho iri tsinda ryagombaga gukoresha guhangana mu mahoro mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’abirabura. Intero yabo rero ikaba yari “nta musatsi umwe wo ku mutwe umwe w’umuntu umwe ugomba kubangamirwa,"Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed."

Byabaye nk’umuco wo guhangana mu mahoro mu kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu muriLeta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.Gusa ubu buryo ngo bwana koreshejwe na Frederick Douglass mu kurwanya ubucakara . Abandi birabura nka Philip Randolph na Bayard Rustin ngo nabo baba barakoresheje ubu buryo mu kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu mu myaka ya 1940 .Uyu muryango uhuza abakirisito ngo waba waragize akamaro, ngokuko buri mwirabura wese yiyumvagamo guharanira uberenganzira bwa muntu.

Nyuma rero y’umusaruro mwiza wavuye Imu myigaragambyo y’i Mont gomery, King yanditse Stride Toward Freedom (1958)ugenekereje wakita Urugendo rugana ku bwigenge.iki gitabo rero kikaba cyagaragazaga ibyabereye Montgomery ndetse n’ibitekerezo bya Luther ku byerekeranye no guhangana mu mahorohare ,non-violence ndtetse n’umurongo ngenderwaho. Iki gitabo kandi kikaba cyaragombaga kugira uruhare runini ku guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Urugero ni nko muri Greensboro ho muri leta ya Caroline y’amajyaruguru,aho agatsiko k’abanyeshuri b’abirabura basomye iki gitabo nabo ubwabo bahita batanguira gushyira mu bikorwa.Batangiye kwinjira mu ma restaurant ubusanzwe batemererwaga kuriramo uko bagenda biyongera baje no kuzura imyanya yose muri restaurant. N’ubwo bakubitwaga kenshi inyigisho ya Luther yabahamyemo ntibateshuka.

Uretse kutinjira mu modoka no muri restaurant ku birabura imiryango imwe n’imwe nka Ku Klux Klan ntiyabemereraga no gutora nko muri Leta ya Mississipi aho abirabura bari hafi ya kimwe cyaq kabiri cy’abaturage ariko abatoraga bari babiri ku ijana.

Si ibyo gusa no mu mitungo abirabura bari bakennye ari na byo byatumye King atangira guhamagarira isangirea mutungo aho yananditse

Why We Can't Wait (1964) na Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community (1967), hose yashakaga kuvuga ko nta gutegereza ndetse ko bikomeje imbere habo nta ko hari kuba.Muri 1962 yarafashwe arafungwa ubwi bigaragambyaga muri i

Birmingham, muri Alabama aha rero abihayimana baramukwenaga bavuga ko ari umunyepolitiki w’intagondwa, abandikira yisobanura “natangajwe no kwitwa intagondwa,mbese Yesu ntiyari intagondwa?intagondwa ku rukundo,ukuri,n’ubumuntu”. Muri 1964 yaje no guhabwa igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe, The Nobel Peace Prize .

Luther yamenywe na benshi cyane cyane kuri Discour ye “ I have adream” cyangwa se mfite inzozi aho yavugaga ko afite inzozi ko umunsi umwe abirabura bazagira agaciro,abazungu n’abirabura bakaba umwe. Hari aho yavuze ati “Dufite ukuri muri twe kutubera igihamya ko abantu bose baremwe bari umwe” Aha benshi banavuga ko byagezweho igihe Barrack Obama yatangiraga kuyobora Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika nka operezida.King yakoze byinshi bitandukanye byanatumye imibereho y’abirabura ihinduka muri Amerika.gusa yaje kwicwa arashwe ku ya kane Mata 1968 ahitwa Memphis afite imyaka39